Law and Humanity

Harmonisasi Norma Hukum Adat dan Hukum Positif Dalam Penyelenggaraan Pelayanan Izin Berusaha

Nuryanto Ahmad Daim — 2025-09-11

Akibat penerapan hukum adat dalam prosedur perizinan investasi di Kabupaten Badung, Bali, pengusaha yang memulai kegiatan usaha terpaksa mengikuti 2 (dua) prosedur yang berbeda, termasuk dalam membayar pajak dan biaya lain-lainnya. Di samping wajib membayar pajak dan retribusi yang sudah ditetapkan pemerintah, mereka juga wajib membayar awig-awig yang sudah ditetapkan oleh Desa Banjar. Hal ini tentu sangat bertentangan dengan misi pemerintah dalam kebijakan investasi yang memberikan kemudahan berusaha, bagi pengusaha yang memulai kegiatan usaha baru. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kerangka harmonisasi norma hukum adat dan hukum positif dalam penyelenggaraan pelayanan izin berusaha di Kabupaten Badung, Provinsi Bali dalam perspektif Good Governance. Metodologi dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi hukum kritis yang mengembangkan 3 (tiga) karakter yaitu: (1) Critical theory, diarahkan oleh kepentingan perubahan fundamental pada masyarakat adat di Bali. (2) Critical theory dilandaskan pada pendekatan berpikir historis mengenai penyelenggaraan perizinan berusaha yang didukung oleh hukum adat yang sudah ada turun temurun. (3) Critical theory sebagai upaya untuk memahami masyarakat adat di Bali. Adapun dalam penelitian ini ditemukan penerapan kerangka harmonisasi hukum adat dan hukum positif harus diwujudkan melalui prinsip-prinsip partisipasi, transparansi, akuntabilitas, keadilan dan responsivitas. Ini berarti bahwa proses perizinan tidak hanya melibatkan aspek formal hukum negara, tetapi juga menjamin keterlibatan masyarakat adat dalam proses pengambilan keputusan. Kehadiran Peraturan Daerah dan kebijakan daerah yang mengatur pelibatan desa adat dalam tahapan perizinan menjadi kunci untuk menciptakan kerangka hukum yang sah secara administratif dan sosial.

Dinamika Penalaran Hukum Dalam Sistem Peradilan Plural

Roynald Donna Febrianto — 2025-09-13

Legal reasoning in Indonesia takes place not only within the framework of the legal-positivistic state legal system, but also within the customary legal systems that thrive and develop within local communities. This situation creates a pluralistic legal configuration, where two or more legal systems operate side by side, but not always harmoniously. This paper examines the characteristics of legal reasoning in the state and customary justice systems, as well as the various challenges to harmonizing them. It finds that state justice tends to prioritize legal certainty and procedural rationality, while customary justice prioritizes restorative, contextual, and communal-value-based justice. Epistemological inequalities, state dominance, and minimal institutional support are the main obstacles to recognizing customary legal systems. Nevertheless, there are positive prospects through hybrid approaches, regulatory reform, digital innovation, and strengthening the capacity of customary communities. Recognition of customary justice systems is not only crucial for expanding access to justice but also serves as a concrete step toward building a national legal system that is inclusive, democratic, and in line with Indonesia's social realities.

Kontroversi Ijazah Joko Widodo: Antara Tuduhan Palsu dan Fakta Hukum yang Terverifikasi

Gunawan Gunawan — 2025-09-15

This study explores the controversy surrounding the authenticity of President Joko Widodo's academic diploma, which has been alleged to be falsified by certain parties despite substantial legal and administrative evidence confirming its validity. The research aims to systematically analyze the legitimacy of the forgery accusations from the perspectives of criminal law, administrative law, and legitimacy theory within a constitutional democratic framework. A qualitative descriptive method is employed, based on phenomenological observation and normative-doctrinal approaches to statutory regulations, court decisions, and official institutional statements. Universitas Gadjah Mada has officially declared that President Joko Widodo is a legitimate graduate of the Faculty of Forestry, class of 1985, a claim further substantiated by the ruling of the Jakarta Administrative Court, which rejected a lawsuit challenging the authenticity of the diploma. From a criminal law standpoint, the elements of document forgery as stipulated in Article 263 of the Indonesian Penal Code (KUHP) are not fulfilled. Theoretically, the authenticity of the document is also supported by the presumption of regularity principle in administrative law, as well as Max Weber's rational-legal legitimacy theory. The study concludes that the fake diploma issue is legally unfounded and more politically motivated than juridically substantiated.